1. Zaɓi sigogi na geometric na kayan aiki
Lokacin yin aikin bakin karfe, geometry na yanki na kayan aikin yakamata a yi la'akari da shi gabaɗaya daga zaɓin kusurwar rake da kusurwar baya. Lokacin zabar kusurwar rake, ya kamata a yi la'akari da dalilai kamar bayanin martabar sarewa, kasancewar ko rashin chamfering da kusurwa mai kyau da mara kyau na karkatar ruwan. Ko da kuwa kayan aiki, dole ne a yi amfani da babban kusurwar rake lokacin da ake sarrafa bakin karfe. Ƙara kusurwar rake na kayan aiki na iya rage juriya da aka fuskanta yayin yankan guntu da sharewa. Zaɓin kusurwar sharewa ba ta da ƙarfi sosai, amma bai kamata ya zama ƙanƙanta ba. Idan kusurwar sharewa ya yi ƙanƙanta, zai haifar da rikici mai tsanani tare da saman kayan aikin, yana kara tsananta yanayin da aka yi amfani da shi da haɓaka kayan aiki. Kuma saboda rikice-rikice mai ƙarfi, tasirin hardening na bakin karfe yana haɓaka; kusurwar cire kayan aiki bai kamata ya zama babba ba, mai girma, don haka an rage girman kusurwa na kayan aiki, ƙarfin raguwa ya ragu, kuma ƙarar kayan aiki yana kara karuwa. Gabaɗaya, kusurwar taimako yakamata ya zama mafi girma da kyau fiye da lokacin sarrafa ƙarfe na carbon na yau da kullun.
Zaɓin kusurwar rake Daga vangaren yankan zafin rake da ɓarkewar zafi, haɓaka kusurwar rake na iya rage yanke wutar lantarki, kuma yankan zafin jiki ba zai yi yawa ba, amma idan kusurwar rake ya yi girma, ƙarar watsawar zafi. na tip kayan aiki zai ragu, kuma yankan zafin jiki zai zama akasin haka. Girma. Rage kusurwar rake na iya inganta yanayin zafi na mai yankan, kuma zafin yankan na iya raguwa, amma idan kusurwar rake ya yi ƙanƙara, nakasar yankan zai yi tsanani, kuma zafin da yanke zai haifar ba zai zama sauƙi ba. . Aiki yana nuna cewa kusurwar rake go=15°-20° shine mafi dacewa.
Lokacin zabar kusurwar sharewa don mashigin mashin ɗin, ana buƙatar ƙarfin yankan kayan aikin yankan mai ƙarfi don zama babba, don haka ya kamata a zaɓi ƙaramin kusurwa; a lokacin karewa, kayan aikin kayan aiki ya fi faruwa a cikin yanki na yanki da gefen gefen gefe. Bakin karfe, wani abu da ke da wuyar yin aiki mai wuyar gaske, yana da tasiri mafi girma a kan ingancin kayan aiki da kayan aiki da ke haifar da raguwa na gefen gefen gefe. Madaidaicin kusurwar taimako ya kamata ya kasance: don bakin karfe austenitic (a ƙasa 185HB), kusurwar taimako na iya zama 6 ° - -8 °; don sarrafa martensitic bakin karfe (sama da 250HB), kusurwar izini shine 6 ° -8 °; don martensitic bakin karfe (kasa da 250HB), da izinin kwana ne 6°-10°.
Zaɓin kusurwar karkata ruwa Girma da shugabanci na kusurwar ƙwanƙwasa ruwa suna ƙayyade alkiblar guntu. Zaɓin da ya dace na kusurwar karkata ruwa ls yawanci -10°-20°. Ya kamata a yi amfani da manyan kayan aikin karkatar da ruwa lokacin da ake gama ƙaramar da'irar waje, ramuka masu kyau, da tsararrun jiragen sama: ls45°-75° yakamata a yi amfani da su.
2. Zaɓin kayan aikin kayan aiki
Lokacin sarrafa bakin karfe, mai amfani da kayan aiki dole ne ya sami isasshen ƙarfi da ƙarfi saboda babban ƙarfin yanke don guje wa zance da nakasar yayin aikin yanke. Wannan yana buƙatar zaɓin babban yanki mai girman giciye na mai riƙe kayan aiki, da yin amfani da kayan aiki mafi ƙarfi don kera mariƙin kayan aiki, kamar yin amfani da ƙarfe 45 ko karfe 50 da aka kashe da wuta.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don yankan ɓangaren kayan aiki Lokacin sarrafa bakin karfe, ana buƙatar kayan aikin kayan aikin don samun juriya mai girma da kuma kula da aikin yankewa a mafi girman zafin jiki. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su a halin yanzu sune: ƙarfe mai sauri da siminti carbide. Saboda karfe mai sauri zai iya kula da aikin yankansa a kasa da 600 ° C, bai dace da yankan sauri ba, amma ya dace kawai don sarrafa bakin karfe a ƙananan gudu. Saboda simintin carbide yana da mafi kyawun juriya na zafi da juriya fiye da ƙarfe mai sauri, kayan aikin da aka yi da kayan simintin siminti sun fi dacewa da yankan bakin karfe.
Siminti carbide ya kasu kashi biyu: tungsten-cobalt gami (YG) da tungsten-cobalt-titanium gami (YT). Tungsten-cobalt alloys suna da kyau tauri. Kayan aikin da aka ƙera na iya amfani da kusurwar rake mafi girma da ƙwanƙwasa don niƙa. Chips ɗin suna da sauƙin lalacewa yayin aikin yankan, kuma yankan yana da tsinke. Chips ɗin ba su da sauƙin manne wa kayan aiki. A wannan yanayin, ya fi dacewa don sarrafa bakin karfe tare da tungsten-cobalt gami. Musamman ma a cikin mashin ɗin ƙira da yankan tsaka-tsaki tare da babban jijjiga, yakamata a yi amfani da ɓangarorin tungsten-cobalt gami. Ba shi da ƙarfi da gaggautsa kamar tungsten-cobalt-titanium gami, ba shi da sauƙi a kaifafa, da sauƙin guntuwa. Tungsten-cobalt-titanium gami yana da mafi kyawun taurin ja kuma yana da juriya fiye da tungsten-cobalt gami a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi, amma yana da ƙarfi, baya jurewa tasiri da rawar jiki, kuma ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya azaman kayan aiki don tarar bakin karfe. juyawa.
Yanke aikin kayan aikin kayan aiki yana da alaƙa da dorewa da haɓaka kayan aiki, kuma ƙirar kayan aikin kayan aiki yana shafar ƙirar ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin kanta. Yana da kyawawa don zaɓar kayan kayan aiki tare da tauri mai ƙarfi, juriya mai kyau da tauri, kamar YG cemented carbide, yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da carbide cemented YT, musamman lokacin sarrafa 1Gr18Ni9Ti austenitic bakin karfe, ya kamata ku guje wa yin amfani da YT hard alloy Alloy. , saboda titanium (Ti) a bakin karfe da Ti a YT-type cemented carbide samar da alaƙa, kwakwalwan kwamfuta na iya ɗauka cikin sauƙi. kawar da Ti a cikin gami, wanda ke inganta haɓakar kayan aiki. Ayyukan samarwa ya nuna cewa yin amfani da YG532, YG813 da YW2 nau'i uku na kayan aiki don sarrafa bakin karfe yana da tasiri mai kyau na sarrafawa.
3. Zaɓin adadin yankan
Domin kashe ƙarni na gina-up gefen da sikelin spurs da kuma inganta surface quality, a lokacin da aiki tare da cimined carbide kayayyakin aiki, da yankan adadin ne dan kadan m fiye da na juya general carbon karfe workpieces, musamman yankan gudun kada ya zama ma. high, da yankan gudun gabaɗaya shawarar Vc = 60 — — 80m / min, da yankan zurfin ne ap = 4 — — 7mm, da kuma ciyar kudi ne f = 0.15 — — 0.6mm / r.
4. Abubuwan buƙatun don ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin yanki na yanki na kayan aiki
Haɓaka ƙarewar ɓangaren yanki na kayan aiki na iya rage juriya lokacin da kwakwalwan kwamfuta ke murƙushewa kuma inganta ƙarfin kayan aiki. Idan aka kwatanta da sarrafa talakawa carbon karfe, lokacin sarrafa bakin karfe, da yankan adadin ya kamata a rage yadda ya kamata don rage kayan aiki lalacewa; a lokaci guda, ya kamata a zaɓi mai sanyaya mai dacewa da ruwa mai lubricating don rage zafi da yanke wuta a lokacin aikin yanke, da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba 16-2021
