Shin kun san waɗannan sharuɗɗan: kusurwar Helix, kusurwar aya, babban yanki, bayanin martabar sarewa? Idan ba haka ba, yakamata ku ci gaba da karantawa. Za mu amsa tambayoyi kamar: Menene matakin yanke na biyu? Menene kusurwar helix? Ta yaya suke shafar amfani a aikace?
Me ya sa yake da mahimmanci a san waɗannan abubuwa: Kayan aiki daban-daban suna ba da buƙatu daban-daban akan kayan aiki. A saboda wannan dalili, zaɓin ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa tare da tsarin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci ga sakamakon hakowa.
Bari mu dubi mahimman siffofi guda takwas na rawar rawar murɗawa: Ƙaƙwalwar ƙira, babban yankan gefen, yankan gefuna, yanke maƙasudi da ɓacin rai, bayanin martabar sarewa, cibiya, ƙarshen yankan sakandare, da kusurwar helix.
Don cimma mafi kyawun aikin yankewa a cikin kayan daban-daban, duk fasalulluka takwas dole ne su dace da juna.
Don misalta waɗannan, za mu kwatanta ƙwanƙwasawa uku masu zuwa da juna:
kusurwar nuni
Madaidaicin kusurwa yana a kan kan rawar murɗa. Ana auna kusurwar tsakanin manyan gefuna biyu na yanke a saman. Matsakaicin kusurwa yana da mahimmanci don tsakiyar rawar murɗa a cikin kayan.
Ƙananan kusurwar batu, mafi sauƙi a tsakiya a cikin kayan. Wannan kuma yana rage haɗarin zamewa akan filaye masu lanƙwasa.
Girman kusurwar batu, guntun lokacin bugawa. Koyaya, ana buƙatar matsa lamba mafi girma kuma sanyawa cikin kayan yana da wahala.
Sharadi na geometric, ƙaramin kusurwa yana nufin dogayen manyan gefuna, yayin da babban kusurwar ma'ana yana nufin gajeriyar manyan gefuna.
Babban yankan gefuna
Babban yankan gefuna suna ɗaukar ainihin aikin hakowa. Dogayen yankan gefuna suna da mafi girman aikin yankan idan aka kwatanta da gajerun yankan gefuna, koda kuwa bambance-bambancen kadan ne.
Ƙwaƙwalwar murɗa koyaushe tana da manyan gefuna guda biyu waɗanda ke haɗe da yankakken gefuna.
Yanke gefen chisel
Wurin da aka yanke ya kasance a tsakiyar ƙwanƙolin rawar soja kuma ba shi da wani sakamako mai yankewa. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci don gina ginin juzu'i, yayin da yake haɗa manyan gefuna guda biyu.
Yanke bakin chisel yana da alhakin shigar da kayan kuma yana yin matsin lamba da juzu'i akan kayan. Wadannan kaddarorin, waɗanda ba su da kyau ga tsarin hakowa, suna haifar da haɓakar haɓakar zafi da ƙara yawan amfani da wutar lantarki.
Duk da haka, ana iya rage waɗannan kaddarorin ta abin da ake kira "thinning".
Yanke maki da ɓacin rai
Maƙasudin bakin ciki yana rage yankakken gefuna a saman rawar murɗi. Sakamakon bakin ciki yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa na ƙarfin juzu'i a cikin kayan don haka rage ƙarfin ciyarwar da ya dace.
Wannan yana nufin cewa ɓacin rai shine ƙaƙƙarfan dalili don sanyawa cikin kayan. Yana inganta tapping.
An daidaita ma'auni daban-daban a cikin siffofi na DIN 1412. Siffofin da aka fi sani sune ma'aunin helical (siffa N) da tsaga (siffa C).
Bayanin sarewa (profile na tsagi)
Saboda aikinsa azaman tsarin tashoshi, bayanin martabar sarewa yana haɓaka shayar guntu da cirewa.
Faɗin bayanan tsagi, mafi kyawun ɗaukar guntu da cirewa.
Rashin cire guntu yana nufin haɓakar zafi mai girma, wanda a sakamakon haka zai iya haifar da ɓarna kuma daga ƙarshe zuwa karyewar rawar jiki.
Faɗin bayanan tsagi suna lebur, bayanan tsagi na bakin ciki suna da zurfi. Zurfin bayanin martabar tsagi yana ƙayyade kauri daga cikin rawar soja. Bayanan martaba na lebur ɗin lebur suna ba da damar manyan diamita na tsakiya (kauri). Bayanan martaba mai zurfi suna ba da damar ƙananan diamita na tsakiya (na bakin ciki).
Core
Matsakaicin kauri shine ma'aunin ƙaddara don kwanciyar hankali na rawar murɗa.
Twist drills tare da babban diamita mai girma (kauri) suna da kwanciyar hankali mafi girma kuma saboda haka sun dace da maɗaukakiyar maɗaukaki da kayan aiki masu wuya. Hakanan sun dace sosai don amfani da su a cikin atisayen hannu saboda sun fi jure juriya da ƙarfi na gefe.
Domin sauƙaƙe cire kwakwalwan kwamfuta daga tsagi, kauri mai mahimmanci yana ƙaruwa daga tip ɗin rawar soja zuwa shank.
Jagoran chamfer da yankan gefuna na biyu
Biyu jagora chamfer suna located a sarewa. Matsakaicin ƙasa mai ban tsoro yana aiki da ƙari a saman farfajiya na rijiyar da aka yi da kuma tallafa wa shiriyar muryar muryar a cikin rami mai fadi. Ingancin ganuwar rijiyar kuma ya dogara da kaddarorin chamfers jagora.
Ƙarshen yankan na biyu yana samar da sauye-sauye daga chamfers jagora zuwa bayanin martaba. Yana sassauta kuma yana yanke guntuwar da suka makale akan kayan.
Tsawon chamfers jagora da ɓangarorin yanke na biyu sun dogara ne akan kusurwar helix.
kusurwar Helix (kwana karkace)
Muhimmin siffa na rawar murɗawa ita ce kusurwar helix (ƙarƙashiyar kusurwa). Yana ƙayyade tsari na samuwar guntu.
Manyan kusurwoyi na helix suna ba da ingantaccen kawar da taushi, kayan tsintsiya mai tsayi. Ana amfani da ƙananan kusurwar helix, a gefe guda, don kayan aiki mai wuya, gajere.
Twist drills waɗanda ke da ƙaramin kusurwar helix (10° – 19°) suna da tsayin karkace. A sakamakon haka, jujjuya rawar jiki tana jujjuya babban kusurwar helix (27° - 45°) tana da karkace (gajeren) karkace. Twist drills tare da karkace na al'ada suna da kusurwar helix na 19 ° - 40 °.
Ayyukan halaye a cikin aikace-aikacen
A kallo na farko, batun murɗawar murɗa yana da kyau sosai. Ee, akwai abubuwa da yawa da fasali waɗanda ke bambanta rawar murɗa. Koyaya, halaye da yawa sun dogara da juna.
Domin nemo madaidaicin rawar murya, zaku iya daidaita kanku zuwa aikace-aikacenku a matakin farko. Littafin DIN don drills da countersinks ya bayyana, ƙarƙashin DIN 1836, rarraba ƙungiyoyin aikace-aikacen zuwa nau'ikan N, H, da W uku:
A zamanin yau ba za ku sami waɗannan nau'ikan N, H, da W guda uku kawai a kasuwa ba, saboda bayan lokaci, an tsara nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban don haɓaka aikin murɗa don aikace-aikace na musamman. Don haka, an samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna ba a daidaita su a cikin littafin DIN. A MSK za ku sami ba kawai nau'in N ba har ma da nau'ikan UNI, UTL ko VA.
Ƙarshe da taƙaitawa
Yanzu kun san waɗanne nau'ikan juzu'in murɗawar murɗawa ke shafar aikin hakowa. Teburin da ke gaba yana ba ku bayanin mafi mahimmancin fasalulluka na takamaiman ayyuka.
| Aiki | Siffofin |
|---|---|
| Yanke aikin | Babban yankan gefuna Babban yankan gefuna suna ɗaukar ainihin aikin hakowa. |
| Rayuwar sabis | Bayanin sarewa (profile na tsagi) Bayanan martabar sarewa da aka yi amfani da shi azaman tsarin tashoshi yana da alhakin ɗaukar guntu da cirewa kuma, sabili da haka, muhimmin abu ne na rayuwar sabis na rawar murɗa. |
| Aikace-aikace | Matsakaicin kusurwa & kusurwar Helix (kusurwar karkace) Matsakaicin kusurwa da kusurwar helix sune mahimman dalilai don aikace-aikacen a cikin abu mai wuya ko taushi. |
| Tsayawa | Yanke maki da ɓacin rai Yanke maki da ɓacin rai sune ƙwararrun dalilai don yin tsakiya a cikin kayan. Ta hanyar ɓata gefen yanke chisel yana raguwa gwargwadon yiwuwa. |
| Daidaitaccen daidaituwa | Jagoran chamfer da yankan gefuna na biyu Jagoran chamfers da ƙwanƙwasa na biyu suna shafar daidaiton daidaituwar rawar jiki da ingancin ramin hakowa. |
| Kwanciyar hankali | Core Babban kauri shine ƙayyadaddun ma'auni don kwanciyar hankali na rawar murɗa. |
Ainihin, zaku iya ƙayyade aikace-aikacen ku da kayan da kuke son tonawa a ciki.
Dubi waɗanne ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa aka ba da kuma kwatanta fasali da ayyukan da kuke buƙata don kayan aikin ku.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-12-2022
